{"id":38133,"date":"2012-11-10T09:11:51","date_gmt":"2012-11-10T06:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-6-godina-xx-2012\/"},"modified":"2022-07-28T14:12:36","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T11:12:36","slug":"sp-istoriya-knizhka-6-godina-xx-2012","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-6-godina-xx-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 6\/2012, Volume 20"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nREVIEW<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u201c \u2013 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435 (\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0412. \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u201c \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435)<br \/>\n[The Cultural Club \u201eZora\u201c \u2013 One of the Symbols of the Revival in Russe (Antonova, V. The Revival Cultural Club \u201eZora\u201c in Russe)] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0420. \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \/ R. Spasov<\/em> \u2013 p. 487<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0411\u0418\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041e\u041b\u0415\u041a\u0426\u0418\u042f \/ BIOGRAPHY COLLECTION<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art01\">\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (1878) <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art01\">[The Sculptor\u00a0Who Reproduced the Liberation of Bulgaria (1878)] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0420. \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \/ R. Spasov<\/em> \u2013 p. 490<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \/ VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">[Bulgaria, The Balkan Wars and the End of the Illusions] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0412\u043b. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \/ Vl. Stanev<\/em> \u2013 p.500<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art03\">\u041a\u044a\u043c \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art03\">[Towards the Question of the Main Tendencies in the Socio-political Development of Bulgaria in the Interwar Period of the 20th\u00a0Century] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0412\u043b. \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0432 \/ Vl. Migev<\/em> \u2013p.505<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art04\">\u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0445\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 (1941\u20131945) <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art04\">[Bosnian Muslims and the Independent State of Croatia (1941\u20131945)] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0415. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432 \/ E. Stanchev<\/em> \u2013 p. 511<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e \/ APPROACHES IN TEACHING<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art05\">\u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430) <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art05\">[Images in History Teaching (Results of a Survey)] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u041c. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ M. Nikolova<\/em> \u2013 p. 537<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art06\">\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u201e\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art06\">[Shared Experience from the Optional Course \u201eLocal History\u201c] \/\u00a0<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0420. \u0422\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ R. Totolakova<\/em> \u2013 p. 549<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u0418 \u0424\u041e\u0420\u0423\u041c\u0418 \/ SCIENTIFIC FORUMS<br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"#art10\">\u201e\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430 \u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u201c \u2013 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00a0<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art10\">[\u201ePoland in Central Europe\u201c \u2013 The Second\u00a0International Congress of Poland History for Foreign Researchers] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0418. \u0411\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ I. Baeva<\/em> \u2013 p. 555<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0418\u042f \/ BIBLIOGRAPHY<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0421\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435<br \/>\n[Modern Poland from the Historians\u2019 Point of View] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0418. \u0411\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ I. Baeva<\/em> \u2013 p. 563<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0410 \u0412\u0410\u0428\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410 \/ FOR YOUR LIBRARY<\/strong> \u2013 p. 566<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u0428\u041d\u041e \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ ANNUAL CONTENT<\/strong> \u2013 p. 568<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415 \/ GUIDE FOR AUTHORS<\/strong> \u2013 p. 573<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art01\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0421\u041a\u0423\u041b\u041f\u0422\u041e\u0420\u042a\u0422, \u041a\u041e\u0419\u0422\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0421\u042a\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0414\u0415\u00a0\u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041e\u0421\u0412\u041e\u0411\u041e\u0416\u0414\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 (1878)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nRadoslav Spasov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1877\u20131878 \u0433. \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0439-\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0434\u043e\u00a0\u0414\u0437\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 XIX \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0422\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0438\u043c. \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446\u044a\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u00a0\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0442\u043e \u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0437\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0426\u0430\u0440 \u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u041e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442\u00a0\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435, \u041f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u041e\u0440\u044f\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Arnoldo Zocchi, artist, monuments, Russian-Turkish war, Bulgarian liberty<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE SCULPTOR WHO REPRODUCED\u00a0THE LIBERATION OF BULGARIA (1878)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Bulgaria was emancipated from the Ottoman rule after the RussianTurkish war in 1877\u20131878 and turns into one of the new countries in Europe. As an expression of the enthusiasm of the Bulgarian people were created many monuments dedicated to the liberty. One of the most famous of them are the wors of Arnoldo Zocchi who was a noted Italian artist of the late XIXth and early XXth century. He was born in Florence and died in Rome. The artist won many prizes and gained prestige in many competitions all over the world, but his name echoes in the memory of Bulgarians with his monuments dedicated to their freedom. The most popular creations of Zocchi in Bulgaria are the Monument of the Tsar Liberator in So\ufb01a, the Monument of Liberty in Rousse and the Monuments of Liberty in Sevlievo and Oryahovo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Radoslav Spasov, PhD<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>So\ufb01a University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u00a0BULGARIA, THE BALKAN WARS\u00a0AND THE END OF THE ILLUSIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. Bulgarians unanimously take the Treaty of Berlin (1878) as an extremely unfair one that tears them apart without being aware of the fact that it is a common act of the European great powers which are not seeking for the happiness of a minor Balkan people but aiming the establishing of a permanent peace on the continent. Over thirty years the Bulgarian society is preparing for a war against the Turks for the liberation of the compatriots in Macedonia and Thrace. For \ufb01nding allies needed for the accomplishment of the national uni\ufb01cation it is necessary some territorial concessions to be made that in their turn compromise the idea of the uni\ufb01cation itself. When a country during many years is announcing loudly the categorically following of a single principle, which is the case about the indivisibility of Macedonia, then inevitably comes the moment when the circumstances themselves put that principle under veri\ufb01 cation. Being waited for decades, considered as a \ufb01nal stage of the liberation and of the completing \u043ef the uni\ufb01cation, the First Balkan War truly turns to be a &#8222;people\u2019s war&#8220;. The enthusiasm of the ordinary people enables the Bulgarian soldiers and of\ufb01cers to gain superiority over the adversary, the time, the space, the diseases, problems in the supplying and even over the mistakes made by the leadership. But the too ambitious mission to achieve the national uni\ufb01cation at once by a great \ufb01nal effort, despite and against everyone, turns to be unfeasible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Senior Assist. Prof. Vladimir Stanev, PhD<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>So\ufb01a University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>\u00a0\u041a\u042a\u041c \u0412\u042a\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0410 \u0417\u0410 \u0413\u041b\u0410\u0412\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0422\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0418\u00a0\u0412 \u041e\u0411\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415\u041d\u041e-\u041f\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0422\u041e \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0415\u00a0\u041d\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f<br \/>\n\u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0414\u0412\u0415\u0422\u0415 \u0421\u0412\u0415\u0422\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0418 \u0412\u041e\u0419\u041d\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Historical Studies \u2013 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia, Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e-\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u043e-\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1919\u20131939 \u0433. \u041e\u0442\u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0442\u044a\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e 10 \u043d\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1989 \u0433., \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043f\u044a\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430: 1919\u20131925, 1926\u20131935, 1935\u20131939 \u0433. \u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0432 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 19 \u043c\u0430\u0439 1934 \u0433. \u0434\u043e\u043a\u044a\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 1939 \u0433., \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0449\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> authoritarianism, social politics, right-wing political forces, centerleft forces, communism<\/p>\n<p><strong>TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF THE MAIN TENDENCIES IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIA IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD OF THE 20TH\u00a0<\/strong><strong>CENTURY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> An attempt at a more general and comprehensive insight into the world of the Bulgarian society in the period between 1919 and 1939 is made in the article.\u00a0The imposed by 10 November 1989 thesis of the leading role of the communist movement is confuted and the real parameters of its activity are described. It is emphasized that in the interwar period the strengthening of the authoritarianism in the policy of the ruling circles was the principal tendency and the speci\ufb01cs of that development were separated into three sub-periods: 1919\u20131925, 1926\u20131935, 1935\u20131939. The main feature of the social policy of all governments of that time was the energetic intervention in the economy of the country aiming protection of the interest of the ordinary working people. In the years between 19 May 1934 and the end of 1939, after the ban of the political parties, the dominant political force in the right was the pro-government block. Many non-party formations, through which the former parties implemented their policy, played a decisive pole in the left political wing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Vladimir Migev, ScD<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Historical Studies<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0411\u041e\u0421\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041c\u042e\u0421\u042e\u041b\u041c\u0410\u041d\u0418\u00a0\u0418 \u041d\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0412\u0418\u0421\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0425\u042a\u0420\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0412\u0410\u00a0(1941\u20131945)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n\u0415\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 (1941\u20131945). \u0426\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b 1941 \u0433. \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438 (\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 10 % \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0425\u0414) \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447 \u0438 \u0445\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u044a\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0445\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u00a0XIX \u0432., \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 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\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044e\u0441\u044e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Bosnian Muslims, Independent State of Croatia (1941\u20131945), Second\u00a0World War on Balkans, Usta\u0161e, nationalism<\/p>\n<p><strong>BOSNIAN MUSLIMS\u00a0AND THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA (1941\u20131945)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> The Bosnian Muslim community within the wartime puppet Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Dr\u017eava Hrvatska, NDH) (1941-1945) is an important domestic issue for the newly created Usta\u0161a government. After the proclamation of the new country in April 1941, Bosniaks comprise approximately 10 % of the state population and this requires a speci\ufb01c national strategy by the \u201ePoglavnik\u201c Ante Paveli\u0107 and the Croatian leadership. The Usta\u0161a ideology refers extremely tolerant towards the Muslim minority in NDH and its speci\ufb01c cultural and religious characteristics. Bosnia is declared by the of\ufb01cial propaganda as a \u201ehistorical\u201c Croatian land and Bosniaks \u2013 as a \u201ebranch of Croatian nation\u201c. Islam is declared as an of\ufb01cial religious element in the State. In the long term this strategy is clearly intended to assimilate Bosnian Muslims within the Croatian national identity. \u0422he unsuccessful political moves by the Usta\u0161a government and the extreme wartime terror in Bosnia and Herzegovina (by Nazis, Chetniks, Serbian rebellion, etc.) accumulated discontent of the majority of Bosniaks and they launch their own political activity. However, they are disunited, participated in different, often opposing to each other political wings and factions, which indicates a vague and unformed national identity among them. This study examines the aforementioned political and social processes and tendencies in this part of the Balkans during the Second World War. It features the events surrounding the inclusion of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the new Croatian administration, as well as the national politic of the Usta\u0161a government towards Bosnian Muslims. Particular emphasis is the attempts of the Croatian nationalist ideology to incorporate Bosniak community, based on the conception of the important role of Muslims in the genesis of Croatian nation in historical aspect. The research also reveals the different trends of the political activity within the Muslims, including their collaboration with the Usta\u0161as and the Nazis, their autonomist movement and their inclusion in the antifascist Partisan movement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evlogi Stanchev<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>So\ufb01a University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0418\u0417\u041e\u0411\u0420\u0410\u0416\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u0412 \u041e\u0411\u0423\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041f\u041e \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f\u00a0(\u0420\u0415\u0417\u0423\u041b\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0418 \u041e\u0422 \u0410\u041d\u041a\u0415\u0422\u0410)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>138. \u0421\u041e\u0423 \u201e\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u2013 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 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\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u201e\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u201c,\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430. \u0410\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u00a0\u0438\u0437\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> history, images, survey, students<\/p>\n<p><strong>IMAGES IN HISTORY TEACHING\u00a0(RESULTS OF A SURVEY)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> The article contains results and analytical conclusions of a standardized survey among students. The survey found a positive attitude to the subject history which students assessed as an important one as introducing them to the truth of the past and helps them in developing speci\ufb01c skills. Working with images in the lessons of history is not listed as a priority by students (a priority is the story of the teacher and the visiting of historical sites), which shows that the learning process does not put enough tasks for working with visual tools to increase the willingness of students to gain knowledge in this way. One reason for this is that the images in the textbooks are illustrations to the text of the lessons, which does not create conditions for intensive practical work with them. At the same time, the students indicate that the images would broaden and deepen their knowledge of history, mainly for political events and social con\ufb02icts \u2013 their choice. Cultural processes and everyday life in various historical eras \ufb01nd little interest among students and the types of images they work easily with are pictures, paintings, cartoons, posters. The students \ufb01nd it dif\ufb01cult to interpret and extract information by comparing images and to write interpretive text for image analysis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Maria Nikolova<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>138. \u201eProf. Vassil Zlatarski\u201c School<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art06\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0421\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0415\u041b\u0415\u041d \u041e\u041f\u0418\u0422 \u041e\u0422 \u041a\u0423\u0420\u0421\u0410\u00a0\u041f\u041e \u0421\u0412\u041e\u0411\u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0418\u0417\u0411\u0418\u0420\u0410\u0415\u041c\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0413\u041e\u0422\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0410\u00a0\u201e\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0415\u0417\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n\u0420\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0421\u041e\u0423 \u201e\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u2013 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0432\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 (\u0421\u0418\u041f) \u201e\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c, \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u2013 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u00a0\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u2013 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438; \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u00a0\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438. \u0421\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430<br \/>\n\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438<br \/>\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> optional course, shared experience, local history<\/p>\n<p><strong>SHARED EXPERIENCE\u00a0FROM THE OPTIONAL COURSE \u201eLOCAL HISTORY\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> Shearing her long time experience, gained during the classes of the optional course &#8222;Local history&#8220;, Radka Totolakova, history teacher in the Velingrad Secondary School &#8222;Vasil Levski&#8220;, accentuates on some basic directions: learning of the historical facts and notable persons from the Chepino hollow on the background of the national history; visiting natural landmarks and areas as well as prominent history-related places, national and local museums and excavations; meetings with \u00a0renowned scientists \u2013 archeologists, national and local historians. A stress is laid on the support of the students\u2019 participation from the optional course in the local press and in different historical competitions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Radka Totolakova<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Secondary School \u201eVasil Levski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;\"><a name=\"art10\"><\/a>\u00a0\u201ePOLAND IN CENTRAL EUROPE\u201c \u2013\u00a0THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS\u00a0OF POLAND HISTORY FOR FOREIGN RESEARCHERS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\nAbstract.<\/strong> The Second International Congress of Poland History for Foreign Researchers (12\u201315 September 2012) took place in Krakow, the capital of Poland till the third partition of the state in 1795. The main goal of the congress was to give \ufb02oor to foreign historians to present the results of their research work on the Polish past. The Polish participation was reduced to discussions guide and attendant lectures and seminars. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the congress was organized by The Society of Polish Historians and more precisely \u2013 by its local Krakow section. This scienti\ufb01c event may be of interest to the Bulgarian historians, because it gave an example of national scienti\ufb01 c propaganda and also revealed the signi\ufb01cant potential of a civil organization, when supported by the state and the society. Indicative of the congress was the fact that more than 400 foreign historians from 40 countries took part in it. The main theme of the scienti\ufb01c meeting was very well selected and formulated: Poland in Central Europe. It enabled the historians to discuss many problems which are of great importance even nowadays. Among them were: when and how the notion of &#8222;Central Europe&#8220; emerged; what was its geographic range; how it changed in the course of time; what the historical determination of political characteristics of Central Europe really was and to what extent these characteristics depended on the West and East in\ufb02uence on the region or had their own genesis; how peoples and states lived together in this mixed region and many others. It was for the \ufb01rst time that a Bulgarian scholar participated in such a congress and it was assured as a result of the initiative and the support of the Polish Institute in So\ufb01a. The large-scale organization of the congress, the broad and profound discussions on traditional and innovative approaches in the investigation of the past, the debate on crucial events that marked the destiny of Eastern Europe, the lectures, expositions (especially that of science literature) and \ufb01lm-shows within the frames of the congress, clearly demonstrated how important it is for the historians from all over the world to meet and discuss free and without restrictions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Iskra Baeva, PhD<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>So\ufb01a University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS REVIEW \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u201c \u2013 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435 (\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0412. \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u201c \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435) [The Cultural Club \u201eZora\u201c \u2013 One of the Symbols of the Revival in Russe (Antonova, V. The Revival Cultural Club \u201eZora\u201c in Russe)] \/ \u0420. \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \/ R. Spasov &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 487 \u0411\u0418\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041e\u041b\u0415\u041a\u0426\u0418\u042f [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[2878],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 6, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XX, 2012 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-6-godina-xx-2012\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 6, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XX, 2012 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS REVIEW \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u201c \u2013 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435 (\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0412. \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u201c \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435) [The Cultural Club \u201eZora\u201c \u2013 One of the Symbols of the Revival in Russe (Antonova, V. 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