{"id":41147,"date":"2016-10-26T10:44:39","date_gmt":"2016-10-26T07:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/"},"modified":"2022-07-26T14:20:17","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T11:20:17","slug":"5-xxiv-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 5\/2016, Volume 24"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0413\u044e\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0432\u0434\u044a\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b<\/div>\n<div>[Academician Vasil Gyuzelev \u2013 Researcher, Teacher and Inspirer]<\/div>\n<div>\/ \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Silviya Arizanova<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_SilviyaArizanova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><strong>CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a href=\"#atr01\">\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1944 \u0433.<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#atr01\">[Payback Time. The Elemental Purge of the Officer Corps in the Bulgarian Army in September 1944]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u0411\u043e\u044f\u043d \u0416\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Boyan Zhekov<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_BoyanZhekov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art02\">\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art02\">[The Relations Between Turkey and the Gulf States]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044c\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432 \/ Mariyan Karagyozov<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_MariyanKaragyozov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a href=\"#art03\">\u0417\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d (1953 \u2013 1955)<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art03\">[The Turn in the Relations Between Socialist Camp and Yugoslavia after Stalin\u2019s Death (1953 \u2013 1955)]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 \/ Nadezhda Yankovska<\/div>\n<div><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_NadezhdaYankovska.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art04\">\u0422\u0440\u0438\u044a\u0433\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u201c \u2013 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u00a060-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art04\">[The D\u00e9tente Triangle \u2013 America, Bulgaria and Iran in the 1960s]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0437\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Veselina Uzunova<\/div>\n<div><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_VeselinaUzunova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><strong>FROM ANTIQUITY TO NOWADAYS \/ \u041e\u0422 \u0414\u0420\u0415\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u041e \u0414\u041d\u0415\u0421<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><a href=\"#art05\">\u0414\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f V \u0438 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 215 \u0433.\u043f\u0440.\u0425\u0440. \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 (218 \u2013 201 \u0433. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440.)<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art05\">[The Contract between Philip V and Hannibal in 215 BC in the Context of the Second Punic War (218 \u2013 201 BC)]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/ Nikolay Hristov<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_NikolayHristov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a href=\"#art06\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art06\">[Russian Revolutions as Viewed by Nikolai Berdyaev]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u0410\u0441\u044f \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Asya Atanasova<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_AsyaAtanasova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><strong>REVIEWS AND ANOTATIONS \/ \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><a href=\"#art07\">\u0417\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"#art07\">[Stanislavski\u2018s System and its Profanation]<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\/ \u0415\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440 \/ Eva Volitzer<\/div>\n<div><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_05_16_EvaVolitzer.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a id=\"atr01\"><\/a>\u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415 \u0417\u0410 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0410. \u0421\u0422\u0418\u0425\u0418\u0419\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0427\u0418\u0421\u0422\u041a\u0410\u00a0\u041d\u0410 \u041e\u0424\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u041a\u041e\u0420\u041f\u0423\u0421 \u0412 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0410\u0420\u041c\u0418\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 \u0421\u0415\u041f\u0422\u0415\u041c\u0412\u0420\u0418 1944 \u0413.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<strong>\u0411\u043e\u044f\u043d \u0416\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 9 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1944 \u0433.<\/div>\n<div>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u044a\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0442\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435.<\/div>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> soldiers\u2018 committees, violent purge, officer corps<\/p>\n<p><strong>PAYBACK TIME. THE ELEMENTAL PURGE\u00a0OF THE OFFICER CORPS IN THE BULGARIAN ARMY\u00a0IN SEPTEMBER 1944<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article examines the conduct of the elemental purge of the command staff of the Bulgarian army in the days around 9 September 1944. The author seeks to clarify the scale of this purge and to demonstrate the extremes in its implementation. This issue is important because it sets the framework for the policy of the new government towards the officers in the months to the end of the war. The behavior of the subordinate to their commanders subsequently imposed the need for measures to strengthen the position of the rulers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>Mr. Boyan Zhekov, PhD student<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a id=\"art02\"><\/a>\u041e\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0422\u0423\u0420\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415\u00a0\u041e\u0422 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0412<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044c\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Institute for Balkan Studies & Center of Thracology\n\u201eProf. Alexander Fol\u201c \u2013 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 (\u0411\u0430\u0445\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u041a\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0442, \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u041e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u044f), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u041a\u0438\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 1973 \u0433. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0419\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Turkey, Turkish Foreign Policy, Gulf Cooperation Council, Bilateral Relations, AKP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>THE RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE GULF STATES<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article is an overview of the development of relations between Turkey and all six Gulf states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE). The first rapprochement between these states is motivated by Turkey`s seeking for support from the Muslim and Arab countries after the Cyprus crisis and oil shock in 1973. The author argues that contacts have deepened during the Turgut \u00d6zal`s-era in Turkey, but they reached their peak during the rule of Justice and Development Party (AKP in Turkish). In that time bilateral political, trade, commercial, military and cultural contacts have flourished, in addition to multilateral platforms were both all Gulf countries and Turkey have been present.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>Dr. Mariyan Karagyozov<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Institute for Balkan Studies and Center of Thracology<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a id=\"art03\"><\/a>\u0417\u0410\u0412\u041e\u042f\u0422 \u0412 \u041e\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u041b\u0410\u0413\u0415\u0420\u00a0\u0418 \u042e\u0413\u041e\u0421\u041b\u0410\u0412\u0418\u042f \u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u0421\u041c\u042a\u0420\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041b\u0418\u041d (1953 \u2013 1955)<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 1953 \u0433. \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437. \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u044a\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1948 \u2013 1953 \u0433. \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430. \u0421 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u044e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0434\u044a\u043b\u044a\u0433 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441. \u0412 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u0439 \u2013 \u044e\u043d\u0438 1955 \u0433. \u041f\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u041a\u041f\u0421\u0421 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Socialist camp, Yugoslavia, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Khrushchev, Tito, People\u2019s Republic of China<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE TURN IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN SOCIALIST CAMP AND YUGOSLAVIA AFTER STALIN\u2019S DEATH (1953 \u2013 1955)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> After Stalin\u2019s death in March 1953 a new phase in the Soviet foreign policy started. The Soviet leadership took the initiative to restore relations with Yugoslavia, which in the period 1948 \u2013 1953 recorded their lowest point. All countries of the socialist camp were involved in that mission. Despite the fact that Tito was also positive about the idea of normalizing the relations between the two countries, in the beginning he had some doubts about the true intentions of the Soviet Union. All this, together with the western orientation of the Yugoslav foreign policy after the split between Tito and Stalin, significantly complicated the dialogue. For this reason, the restoration of Soviet-Yugoslav interstate relations was a relatively long and delicate process. Eventually it was reached in May \u2013 June 1955. A more complicated issue to be solved remained the normalization of inter-party relations. Tito felt that at this stage his party and people were not prepared for this. He also feared that his connections with the West could be harmed by the convergence with the CPSU.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>Ms. Nadezhda Yankovska, PhD student<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a id=\"art04\"><\/a>\u0422\u0420\u0418\u042a\u0413\u042a\u041b\u041d\u0418\u041a \u041d\u0410 \u201e\u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0414\u0420\u042f\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e\u201c \u2013 \u0410\u041c\u0415\u0420\u0418\u041a\u0410, \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u0418\u0420\u0410\u041d \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 60-\u0422\u0415 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u0425\u0425 \u0412\u0415\u041a<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Veselina Uzunova<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Institute for Historical Studies -\u00a0<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria)<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 60-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u044a\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e, \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430\u201c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u201c. \u0422\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043e-\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043e-\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 60-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u00ad\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441. \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 60-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u201e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u201c, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0410\u0429, \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0410\u0429 \u0432 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1966 \u0433. \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u201e\u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> People\u2019s Republic of Bulgaria, Iran, USA, detente, peaceful coexistence, Todor Zhivkov, Amir Abbas Hoveyda<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE D\u00c9TENTE TRIANGLE \u2013 AMERICA, BULGARIA AND IRAN IN THE 1960S<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> In the first half of the 1960s the Cold War confrontation entered into a new phase of arms races and uncontrollable ideological and psychological warfare that created obstacles for normal political, economic, and cultural cooperation between the two sides of the \u201cIron Curtain\u201d. However, in the second half of the decade, international relations improved significantly and foretold the onset of the D\u00e9tente era. This process had a direct impact on Bulgarian foreign policy and made possible he resumption of the US \u2013 Bulgarian relations. The Bulgarian foreign policy made a giant step toward the establishment of friendly bilateral relations, which, it must be added, was achievable with the blessing of and permission from the Soviet Union. Bulgaria carried out an active campaign to create stable and lasting trade relations with America. The financial difficulties of Moscow and the well-hidden economic collapse of Bulgaria in the 1960s sparked the Soviet pursuit of \u201cpeaceful coexistence\u201d, to which Washington, being in a better position, responded only a decade later. Yet even under these international circumstances the US did not build closer economic ties with Bulgaria. That initiative was left to Iran, the closest US ally in the Middle East, which in 1966 established fruitful economic relations with the \u201cmost unfavored\u201d Soviet satellites \u2013 Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>Dr. Veselina Uzunova<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Institute for Historical Studies<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a id=\"art05\"><\/a>\u0414\u041e\u0413\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0420\u042a\u0422, \u0421\u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u041d \u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0424\u0418\u041b\u0418\u041f V\u00a0\u0418 \u0425\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0411\u0410\u0410\u041b \u041e\u0422 215 \u0413.\u041f\u0420.\u0425\u0420.\u00a0\u0412 \u0425\u041e\u0414\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041f\u0423\u041d\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0412\u041e\u0419\u041d\u0410\u00a0(218 \u2013 201 \u0413. \u041f\u0420. \u0425\u0420.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>National Museum of Military History<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043b\u0443\u043b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442. \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0446\u0430\u0440 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f V \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d. \u0418\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0443 \u0420\u0438\u043c. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0449\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em>\u00a0 Roman Republic, Punic Wars, Philip V of Macedon, Hannibal<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE CONTRACT BETWEEN PHILIP V\u00a0AND HANNIBAL IN 215 BC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR (218 \u2013 201 BC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;\"><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The Roman Republic and Carthage disputed the control of the western Mediterranean in three long and exhausting wars. During the Second Punic War, Carthaginian commander Hannibal invaded the Apennine peninsula and threatened the existence of the Roman Republic. This war attracted the attention of the entire ancient world. Philip V of Macedon decided to join the war on the side of Carthage. He sent envoys to Hannibal with a proposal for an alliance for joint action against Rome. Only a happy circumstance for the Romans failed those intentions and perhaps saved the Roman Republic from destruction.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>Mr. Nikolay Hristov<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><strong>National Museum of Military History<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a id=\"art06\"><\/a>\u0420\u0423\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0420\u0415\u0412\u041e\u041b\u042e\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 \u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414\u0410\u00a0\u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0418\u041a\u041e\u041b\u0410\u0419 \u0411\u0415\u0420\u0414\u042f\u0415\u0412<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u0441\u044f \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Episkop Konstantin Preslavski Shumen University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 1917 \u0433. \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0438? \u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u0435\u0432. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0435 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u044f\u043b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0447\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> humanity, revolution, Bolshevism, intellectuals, devils<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS AS VIEWED BY NIKOLAI BERDYAEV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Russian revolutions of 1917 still attract the attention of the historians. Was Russia able to avoid those cataclysms? Why was the Proletarian revolution accomplished in an undeveloped rural country? These and many other questions have answers sought in the perspicacious books of the Russian religious philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. He is the man who saw the truth that the revolution was the internal destiny of the Russian people and that Bolshevism could only be defeated with intellectual overcoming and not with guns.<\/p>\n<div><strong>Dr. Asya Atanasova<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div><strong><a id=\"art07\"><\/a>\u0417\u0410 \u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0421\u041b\u0410\u0412\u0421\u041a\u0418\u00a0\u0418 \u041d\u0415\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0417\u0418\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0415<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0414\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0419. (2015). \u041c\u0435\u043b\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430.<\/div>\n<div>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0440:\u00a0\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u044f.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>\u0415\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>New Bulgarian University<\/em><\/div>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0446. \u0434-\u0440 \u0419\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0414\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u201e\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u201c \u0438 \u201e\u0427\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u201c \u2013 \u0411\u0410\u041d,\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u044a\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00a0\u201e\u0418\u043a\u0430\u0440\u20192016\u201c\u00a0\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0441\u0438 \u201e\u041c\u0435\u043b\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0440:\u00a0\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u201c. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 40-\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 50-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u201e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0440.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>STANISLAVSKI\u2018S SYSTEM AND ITS PROFANATION<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Spasova-Dikova, Y. (2015). Melpomena zad zhelyaznata zavesa.<\/div>\n<div>Naroden teatar: kanoni i saprotivi. Sofia: Kameya.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><strong>Prof. Dr. Eva Volitzer<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><em>Department Theatre<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>New Bulgarian University<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 &nbsp; ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0413\u044e\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0432\u0434\u044a\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b [Academician Vasil Gyuzelev \u2013 Researcher, Teacher and Inspirer] \/ \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Silviya Arizanova \u00a0\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 &nbsp; \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1944 \u0433. [Payback Time. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[3294],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 &nbsp; ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0413\u044e\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0432\u0434\u044a\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b [Academician Vasil Gyuzelev \u2013 Researcher, Teacher and Inspirer] \/ \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Silviya Arizanova \u00a0\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 &nbsp; \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1944 \u0433. [Payback Time. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-26T07:44:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-26T11:20:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9541b190d939a7f23aaac7643f2815c8\"},\"headline\":\"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-26T07:44:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-26T11:20:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\"},\"wordCount\":2316,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", 2016 \u0433.\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\",\"name\":\"\u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-26T07:44:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-26T11:20:17+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/\",\"name\":\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nion_azbuki\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9541b190d939a7f23aaac7643f2815c8\",\"name\":\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/babc78d7609db131b3cdd1c284076c7f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/babc78d7609db131b3cdd1c284076c7f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/author\/nelcho\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0441\u043f. \"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0441\u043f. \"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","og_description":"CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 &nbsp; ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0413\u044e\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0432\u0434\u044a\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b [Academician Vasil Gyuzelev \u2013 Researcher, Teacher and Inspirer] \/ \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Silviya Arizanova \u00a0\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 &nbsp; \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1944 \u0433. [Payback Time. [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/","og_site_name":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/","article_published_time":"2016-10-26T07:44:39+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-07-26T11:20:17+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png"}],"author":"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/"},"author":{"name":"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9541b190d939a7f23aaac7643f2815c8"},"headline":"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016","datePublished":"2016-10-26T07:44:39+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-26T11:20:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/"},"wordCount":2316,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization"},"articleSection":["\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f. \"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\", 2016 \u0433."],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/","url":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/","name":"\u0441\u043f. \"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-10-26T07:44:39+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-26T11:20:17+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016\/5-xxiv-2016\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIV, 2016"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/","name":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization","name":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png","width":250,"height":70,"caption":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nion_azbuki\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9541b190d939a7f23aaac7643f2815c8","name":"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/babc78d7609db131b3cdd1c284076c7f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/babc78d7609db131b3cdd1c284076c7f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva"},"url":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/author\/nelcho\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41147"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80373,"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41147\/revisions\/80373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}